13,188 research outputs found
International Research Project on Job Retention and Return to Work Strategies for Disabled Workers: Germany
[Excerpt] The International Research Project on Job Retention and Return to Work Strategies for Disabled Workers is an initiative of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Global Applied Research and Information Network on Employment and Training (GLADNET). It reflects ILO and GLADNET joint aims of establishing a base for cross-national research and strengthening links between research analysis and policy reform in the field of employment of disabled people.
The Project is a response to a combination of developments which highlight the need for more effective policies and practices in support of workers whose prospects of remaining in employment are jeopardised by work injury, illness or disability. Persons with disabilities are increasingly claiming rights to stay in work as well as to access employment. Pressures on state budgets, the rising costs of compensation claims and disability benefits, and changes in the structure of the labour market are strengthening policies in favour of job retention and return to work. Enterprises are developing their own strategies to minimise the costs of disability and to retain valued employees. Overall, the balance of responsibility is shifting from the state to the enterprise.
Policies and practices to prevent disabled workers from leaving work unnecessarily, and to facilitate rapid return to employment if job loss cannot be prevented, are recent developments in many countries. The cross-national exchange of information on initiatives and their effects is limited. The first aim of this Project has been to gather information about what has been attempted, by whom, for what purposes, in which contexts and to what effects. The second, more ambitious, aim, is to examine the interaction between the various policies and practices, identify dysfunctions, and work towards more coherent and cost-effective strategies for job retention and return to work which might be applied in different national systems. The ultimate objective is to identify strategies which can be put into effect in the workplace
Decoherence-enhanced measurements
Quantum-enhanced measurements use highly non-classical quantum states in
order to enhance the precision of the measurement of classical quantities, like
the length of an optical cavity. The major goal is to beat the standard quantum
limit (SQL), i.e. a precision of order , where is the number of
quantum resources (e.g. the number of photons or atoms used), and to achieve a
scaling , known as the Heisenberg limit. Doing so would have tremendous
impact in many areas, but so far only three experiments have demonstrated a
slight improvement over the SQL. The required quantum states are generally
difficult to produce, and very prone to decoherence. Here we show that
decoherence itself may be used as an extremely sensitive probe of system
properties. This should allow for a new measurement principle with the
potential to achieve the Heisenberg limit without the need to produce highly
entangled states.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure
Spontaneous emission from a two--level atom tunneling in a double--well potential
We study a two-level atom in a double--well potential coupled to a continuum
of electromagnetic modes (black body radiation in three dimensions at zero
absolute temperature). Internal and external degrees of the atom couple due to
recoil during emission of a photon. We provide a full analysis of the problem
in the long wavelengths limit up to the border of the Lamb-Dicke regime,
including a study of the internal dynamics of the atom (spontaneous emission),
the tunneling motion, and the electric field of the emitted photon. The
tunneling process itself may or may not decohere depending on the wavelength
corresponding to the internal transition compared to the distance between the
two wells of the external potential, as well as on the spontaneous emission
rate compared to the tunneling frequency. Interference fringes appear in the
emitted light from a tunneling atom, or an atom in a stationary coherent
superposition of its center--of--mass motion, if the wavelength is comparable
to the well separation, but only if the external state of the atom is
post-selected.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures; improved discussion on the limitations of the
theor
Coherent control of atomic tunneling
We study the tunneling of a two-level atom in a double well potential while
the atom is coupled to a single electromagnetic field mode of a cavity. The
coupling between internal and external degrees of freedom, due to the
mechanical effect on the atom from photon emission into the cavity mode, can
dramatically change the tunneling behavior. We predict that in general the
tunneling process becomes quasiperiodic. In a certain regime of parameters a
collapse and revival of the tunneling occurs. Accessing the internal degrees of
freedom of the atom with a laser allows to coherently manipulate the atom
position, and in particular to prepare the atom in one of the two wells. The
effects described should be observable with atoms in an optical double well
trap.Comment: 6 pages revtex, 4 figures, extended version including numerical
results taking into account higher vibrationnal level
Cooperative spontaneous emission from indistinguishable atoms in arbitrary motional quantum states
We investigate superradiance and subradiance of indistinguishable atoms with
quantized motional states, starting with an initial total state that factorizes
over the internal and external degrees of freedom of the atoms. Due to the
permutational symmetry of the motional state, the cooperative spontaneous
emission, governed by a recently derived master equation [F. Damanet et al.,
Phys. Rev. A 93, 022124 (2016)], depends only on two decay rates and
and a single parameter describing the
dipole-dipole shifts. We solve the dynamics exactly for atoms,
numerically for up to 30 atoms, and obtain the large--limit by amean-field
approach. We find that there is a critical difference that
depends on beyond which superradiance is lost. We show that exact
non-trivial dark states (i.e. states other than the ground state with vanishing
spontaneous emission) only exist for , and that those states
(dark when ) are subradiant when .Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure
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